Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with daily functioning and development. While often diagnosed in childhood, ADHD frequently persists into adulthood, impacting career performance, relationships, and emotional well-being. At our practice, we provide comprehensive, evidence-based ADHD evaluation and personalized treatment to help you regain focus, clarity, and control over your life.
DSM-5-TR Diagnostic Criteria for ADHD
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR), a diagnosis of ADHD requires a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development.
For individuals up to age 16, 6 or more symptoms must be present in either category (or both for a combined presentation). For adolescents aged 17 and older and adults, 5 or more symptoms are required. These symptoms must have been present for at least 6 months and inappropriate for the individual’s developmental level.
Inattention
- Fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, work, or other activities.
- Has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities.
- Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly.
- Does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace.
- Has difficulty organizing tasks and activities.
- Avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort.
- Loses things necessary for tasks or activities (e.g., keys, wallets, papers, phones).
- Is easily distracted by extraneous stimuli.
- Is forgetful in daily activities.
Hyperactivity and Impulsivity
- Fidgets with or taps hands or feet, or squirms in seat.
- Leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected.
- Runs about or climbs in situations where it is inappropriate (in adults, may be limited to feeling restless).
- Unable to play or engage in leisure activities quietly.
- Is “on the go,” acting as if “driven by a motor.”
- Talks excessively.
- Blurts out an answer before a question has been completed.
- Has difficulty waiting their turn.
- Interrupts or intrudes on others (e.g., butts into conversations or games).
Additional Diagnostic Conditions
- Several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms were present prior to age 12 years.
- Several symptoms are present in two or more settings (e.g., at home, school, or work; with friends or relatives; in other activities).
- There is clear evidence that the symptoms interfere with, or reduce the quality of, social, academic, or occupational functioning.
- The symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder and are not better explained by another mental disorder.
ADHD Treatment Options
We utilize a multimodal treatment approach tailored to the unique biology and lifestyle of each patient. Effective management typically combines medical and behavioral interventions.
- Stimulant Medications: These are the most common and widely researched treatments for ADHD. They work by increasing the availability of specific neurotransmitters (dopamine and norepinephrine) in the brain to improve focus and impulse control. Examples include methylphenidate-based and amphetamine-based medications available in short-acting and extended-release formulas.
- Non-Stimulant Medications: For patients who experience intolerable side effects from stimulants, or for whom stimulants are medically contraindicated, non-stimulant alternatives are available. Options like atomoxetine, viloxazine, or certain alpha-2 adrenergic agonists can effectively reduce ADHD symptoms without the track
Therapeutic & Behavioral Support
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Specifically adapted for ADHD, CBT helps patients identify negative thought patterns and develop practical strategies to overcome deficits in executive functioning.
- Executive Function Coaching: Practical, goal-oriented strategies targeting time management, organization, minimization of distractions, task prioritization, and establishing sustainable daily routines.
- Psychoeducation: Helping individuals and families understand the mechanics of ADHD to reduce self-blame, improve communication, and foster supportive environments.
Take the First Step Toward Improved Focus
Living with ADHD is often a silent struggle. Symptoms may be masked or others may see your concerns as trivial. You do not have to figure this out on your own. Our psychiatrists are experts at Adult ADHD Treatment in Clearwater, Largo, and St. Petersburg.
Whether you have questions about a potential diagnosis, want a second opinion on your current care plan, or are interested in exploring advanced treatment options, our team is here to listen.
Dr. Zachary Zimko, DO
This article was reviewed and edited by Dr. Zachary Zimko, a Licensed Osteopathic Physician in the state of Florida. He graduated Cum Laude from the University of Delaware in 2012 with a B.S. in Neuroscience and Minors in Medical Humanities, Medical Diagnostics, and Biology. He graduated from Rowan School of Osteopathic Medicine in 2016 with a Doctorate in Osteopathic Medicine. He graduated his Psychiatry Residency at Largo Medical Center in 2020 and was Chief Resident in his final year. He is Board Certified in Psychiatry through the AOA.
*Information in this article is not intended as medical advice. For any specific questions please refer to your medical provider
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